P1 Live in Noisy World

P2 Screen

P3 Self-esteem

朗阁教师冯昳点评

1. 本次考试：难度中等偏上。

2. 整体分析：涉及环境类（P1）、科学类（P2）和人文心理类（P3）。

   相较于11月份的前两场考试，本场考试难度有所提高，主要原因在于考生擅长的题型（如判断和填空）数量减少；据考生回忆，此次题型比较多样，涉及填空、选择（包括单选和多选）、判断和配对等题型。另外，由于文章题材相对于考生来说比较生僻，考生普遍反映做题速度偏慢。因此笔者建议考生在接下来的备考中要熟练掌握搭配题型的做法，同时集中对不熟悉的题材加强阅读以补充背景知识和专业词汇。

3. 主要题型：

   本次考试题型比较常规。主流题型仍然是填空和判断，同时选择题和段落信息配对题应是考生需要重点准备的题型。

4. 文章分析：

   第一篇文章主要介绍城市噪音对人们生活和健康的影响。

   第二篇文章主要介绍屏幕对于人们阅读的影响。

   第三篇文章主要介绍自尊各项指标对其的影响。

5. 部分答案及参考文章：

Passage 1：Live in Noisy World

题型搭配：填空5+人名观点配对5+选择题3

原文参考：

Section A: A decibel Hell

It's not difficult for a person to encounter sound at levels that can cause adverse health effects. During a single day, people living in a typical urban environment can experience a wide range of sounds in many locations, including shopping malls, schools, the workplace, recreational centers, and the home. Even once-quiet locales have become polluted with noise. In fact, it's difficult today to escape sound pollution completely. It is estimated that 120 million people worldwide have disabling hearing difficulties. Growing evidence also points to many other health effects of too much volume.

The growing noise pollution has many different causes. Booming population growth and the loss of rural land to urban sprawl both play a role. Other causes include the lack of adequate anti-noise regulations in many parts of the world; the electronic nature of our age, which encourages many noisy gadgets; the rising number of vehicles on the roads; and busier airports.

Section B: Growing Volume

In the United States, about 30 million workers are exposed to hazardous sound levels on the job, according to NIOSH. Industries having a high number of workers exposed to loud sounds include construction, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, utilities, transportation, and the military.

Noise in U.S. industry is an extremely difficult problem to monitor, acknowledges Craig Moulton, a senior industrial hygienist for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). "Still," he says, "OSHA does require that any employer with workers overexposed to noise provide protection for those employees against the harmful effects of noise. Additionally, employers must implement a continuing, effective hearing conservation program as outlined in OSHA's Noise Standard."

Section C: Scary Sound Effects

Numerous scientific studies over the years have confirmed that exposure to certain levels of sound can damage hearing. Prolonged exposure can actually change the structure of the hair cells in the inner ear, resulting in hearing loss. It can also cause tinnitus, a ringing, roaring, buzzing, or clicking in the ears. The American Tinnitus Association estimates that 12 million Americans suffer from this condition, with at least 1 million experiencing it to the extent that it interferes with their daily activities.

NIOSH studies from the mid to late 1990s show that 90% of coal miners have hearing impairment by age 52--compared to 9% of the general population--and 70% of male metal/nonmetal miners will experience hearing impairment by age 60 (Stephenson notes that from adolescence onward, females tend to have better hearing than males). Neitzel says nearly half of all construction workers have some degree of hearing loss. "NIOSH research also reveals that by age twenty-five, the average carpenter's hearing is equivalent to an otherwise healthy fifty-year-old male who hasn't been exposed to noise," he says.

In July 2001, researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that, based on audiometric testing of 5,249 children as part of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, an estimated 12.5% of American children have noise-induced hearing threshold shifts--or dulled hearing--in one or both ears. Most children with noise-induced hearing threshold shifts have only limited hearing damage, but continued exposure to excessive noise can lead to difficulties with high-frequency sound discrimination. The report listed stereos, music concerts, toys (such as toy telephones and certain rattles), lawn mowers, and fireworks as producing potentially harmful sounds.

Section D: Beyond the Ears

"Noise has an insidious effect in that the more exposure a person has to noise, the more the hearing loss will continue to grow," says Josara Wallber, disabilities services liaison for the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in Rochester, New York. "Hearing loss is irreversible. Once hearing is lost, it's lost forever."

Studies have revealed that as children grow they are exposed to sounds that can threaten their health and cause learning problems. For instance, in the September 1997 issue of Environment and Behavior, Cornell University environmental psychologists Gary Evans and Lorraine Maxwell reported that the constant roar of jet aircraft could cause higher blood pressure, boosted stress levels, and other effects with potential life-long ramifications among children living in areas under the flight paths of airport.

Other human and animal studies also have linked noise exposure to chronic changes in blood pressure and heart rate. For example, in the July-August 2002 issue of the Archives of Environmental Health, a team of government and university researchers concluded that exposure to sound "acts as a stress-activating physiological mechanisms that over time can produce adverse health effects. Although all the effects and mechanisms are not elucidated, noise may elevate systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate, thus producing both acute and chronic health effects."

1. 85 dBA

2. hearing on

3. high-frequency

4. stomach

5. noise map

6. B

7. D

8. C

9. E

10. A

11. C

12. D

13. C

技巧分析：本文是比较顺序题型和人名观点配对题型的常规搭配。考生在文章总体定位上可以通过文章小标题预判出题区域，同时通过顺序做题和穿插人名定位的方式以增加阅读速度和定位准确度。

Passage 2：Screen

题型：待补充

原文待补充

答案待补充

技巧分析待补充

Passage 3：Self-esteem

题型：待补充

原文待补充

答案待补充

技巧分析待补充

考试预测

1. 2019年11月第三场考试，难度中等偏上。根据全年考试特点来看，配对题中段落信息匹配题仍然为重中之重，考生应着重此题型和其套题的相关练习。

2. 下场考试的话题可能有关科学类，传记类和社会生活类。

3. 重点浏览2015年机经。

 

文中图片素材来源网络，如有侵权请联系删除