P1 Art of History

P2 Sleep，Who needs it?

P3 Rome

朗阁教师孙景楠点评

1. 本次考试难度适中。

2. 整体分析：涉及教育类（P1）、科学类（P2）、历史类（P3）。

   作为新年伊始的第一场考试，考题难度可以说是延续17年最后一场的适中偏易的情况，但所选文章均为新题，但文章话题并不生僻，尤其第一篇文章对阅读水平较弱的同学来说也能应付自如。第二篇讲睡眠研究的文章，与日常生活联系紧密，最后一篇文章稍显难度，学术化特点较强，这就要求同学们灵活运用解题技巧。

3. 主要题型：本次考试配对题型比例较低，集中在了第二篇文章中（段落信息+人名观点）大概为9题左右，summary题型偏多，判断11题，选择4题。

4. 文章分析：

第一篇文章主要介绍了大学的Art of History专业课程；

第二篇文章为关于睡眠的研究，不同研究者给出不同结论；

第三篇文章为罗马旧时代生活与现代人对比

5. 部分答案及参考文章：

Passage 1：

题型：判断6+填空7

（原文暂无）

参考答案：1.FALSE

 2.TRUE

3.NG

4..TRUE

5.FALSE

6.TRUE

(填空题待补充，答案仅供参考）

技巧分析：本文并未出现配对题型，考生应尽可能利用定位法找出答案，细节题型同时出现，考生可以根据顺序原则快速定位答案范围，同时留意三个题型间的关系，如处在中间的判断题，可以根据单选的最后一题出现的位置向后找，可以提高效率；做选择题时需要注意巧妙利用排除法，找出最合适的答案；最后需要注意多选题答案一般涉及文章一部分，根据其出现的位置，可以从文章结尾向前找答案，节省时间。

Passage 2：

题型：填空4+人名观点4+段落信息5

部分参考文章：

（暂无原文）

参考答案：14.B

15.   A

16.   B

17.   C

18.   temperature

(其他答案待补充）

技巧分析：本篇文章题型较多，配对题集中会占据较多时间，做题顺序先细节后主旨，利用排除法与定位法快速解决选择题；可选择先做人名配对，从文章整体下，人名观点题型可根据如下方法解决：

1.   做题前预处理选项，找出相似选项，分析各个选项中的名词，提前判断可能的替换形式

2.   完整的找出所有人名及相关观点的句子。

3.   完整理解，利用排除法选择最接近的选项。

Passage 3：

题型：单选4+选词填空5+判断5

技巧分析：全细节题型文章可直接按题型顺序依次解题，从容易定位的题下手，同时留意答案句出现间距，把握好不同题型涉及范围。

相似文章参考：

On October 13, 2000, a small team of paleontologists led by Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago clambered out of three battered Land Rovers, filled their water bottles, and scattered on foot across the toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in northern Niger. The Tenere, on the southern flank of the Sahara, easily ranks among the most desolate landscapes on Earth. The Tuareg, turbaned nomads who for centuries have ruled this barren realm, refer to it as a "desert within a desert"- a California-size ocean of sand and rock, where a single massive dune might stretch a hundred miles, and the combination of 120-degreeheat and inexorable winds can wick the water from a human body in less than a day. The harsh conditions, combined with intermittent conflict between the Tuareg and the Niger government, have kept the region largely unexplored. Mike Hettwer, a photographer accompanying the team, headed off by himself toward a trio of small dunes. He crested the first slope and stared in amazement. The dunes were spilling over with bones. He took a few shots with his digital camera and hurried back to the Land Rovers. "I found some bones:' Hettwer said,when the team had regrouped. "But they're not dinosaurs. They're human." In the spring of 2005 Sereno contacted Elena Garcea, an archaeologist at the University of Cassino, in Italy, inviting her to accompany him on a return to the site. Garcea had spent three decades working digs along the Nile in Sudan and in the mountains of the Libyan Desert, and was well acquainted with the ancient peoples of the Sahara. But she had never heard of Paul Sereno. His claim to have found so many skeletons in one place seemed farfetched, given that no other Neolithic cemetery contained more than a dozen or so. Some archaeologists would later be skeptical; one sniped that he was just a "moonlighting paleontologist." But Garcea was too intrigued to dismiss him as an interloper. She agreed to join him. Garcea explained that the Kiffian were a fishing-based culture and lived during the earliest wet period, between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago. She held a Kiffiansherd next to a Tenerian one. "What is so amazing is that the people who made these two pots lived more than a thousand years apart." Over the next three weeks, Sereno and Garcea-along with five American excavators, five Tuareg guides, and five soldiers from Niger's army, sent to protect the camp from bandits-made a detailed map of the site, which they dubbed Gobero, after the Tuareg name for the area. They exhumed eight burial sand collected scores of artifacts from both cultures. In a dry lake bed adjacent to the dunes, they found dozens of fishhooks and harpoons carved from animal bone. Apparently the Kiffian fishermen weren't just going after small fry: Scattered near the dunes were the remains of Nile perch, a beast of a fish that can weigh nearly300 pounds, as well as crocodile and hippo bones. Sereno flew home with the most important skeletons and artifacts and immediately began planning for the next field season. In the meantime, he carefully removed one tooth from each off our skulls and sent them to a lab for radiocarbon dating. The results pegged the age of the tightly bundled burials at roughly 9,000 years old, the heart of the Kiffian era. The smaller "sleeping" skeletons turned out to be about 6,000 years old, well within the Tenerian period. At least now the scientists knew who was who. In the fall of 2006 they returned to Gobero, accompanied by a larger dig crew and six additional scientists. Garcea hoped to excavate some 80 burials, and the team began digging. As the skeletons began to emerge from the dunes, each presented a fresh riddle, especially the Tenerian. A male skeleton had been buried with a finger in his mouth. Even at the site, Arizona State University bio-archaeologist Chris Stojanowski could begin to piece together some clues. Judging by the bones, the Kiffian appeared to be a peaceful, hardworking people. "The lack of head and forearm injuries suggests they weren't doing much fighting," he told me. "And these guys were strong." He pointed to a long, narrow ridge running along a femur. "That's the muscle attachment," he said. "This individual had huge leg muscles, which means he was eating a lot of protein and had a strenuous lifestyle - both consistent with a fishing way of life." For contrast, he showed me the femur of a Tenerian male. The ridge was barely perceptible. "This guy had a much less strenuous lifestyle," he said, "which you might expect of a herder." Stojanowski's assessment that the Tenerian were herders fits the prevailing view among scholars of life in the Sahara 6,000years ago, when drier conditions favored herding over hunting. But if the Tenerian were herders, Sereno pointed out, where were the herds? Among the hundreds of animal bones that had turned up at the site, none belonged to goats or sheep,and only three came from a cow species. "It's not unusual fora herding culture not to slaughter their cattle, particularly in a cemetery, M Garcea responded, noting that even modem pastoralists, such as Niger's Wodaabe, are loath to butcher even one animal in their herd. Perhaps, Sereno reasoned, the Tenerian at Gobero were a transitional group that had not fully adopted herding and still relied heavily on hunting and fishing.  Back in Arizona, Stojanowski continues to analyze the Gobero bones for clues to the Green Saharans' health and diet. Other scientists are trying to derive DNA from the teeth, which could reveal the genetic origins of the Kiffian and Tenerian - and possibly link them to descendants living today. Sereno and Garcea estimate a hundred burials remain to be excavated. But as the harsh Tenere winds continue to erode the dunes, time is running out. "Every archaeological site has a life cycle," Garcea said. "It begins when people begin to use the place, followed by disuse, then nature takes over, and finally it is gone. Gobero is at the end of its life."

考试预测

1. 2018年第一场考试，难度中等，本月可能热门题型除了段落细节外，人名观点配对出现频率比较高，考生要注意，此类题型比较耗时耗力。在接下来考试中，出题风格会延续，但考生要注意有可能出现大量配对题型集中的情况，对阅读能力不足和没有足够刷题经验的考试着实是个考验。

2. 下场考试的话题可能有关教育类，科学类，传记类。

3. 重点浏览2015年机经。