P1 自行车轮的演变历史

P2 音乐的传播，从CD向数字化转变

P3 生物钟的研究（重复2016.10.13/2012.10.13） 

 

 朗阁名师刘艳艳点评 

 

1. 本次考试难度适中。

2. 整体分析：涉及科技类（P1/P2）、生物类（P3）

3. 主要题型：本次考试中题型组合相对常规，其中第一篇在判断+填空的基础上增加了选择题。第三篇文章同样出现单选题，配对类题型在第二篇中出现。本次考试很多同学反应第三篇文章篇幅较长，寻找定位点方面增加了难度。

4. P1 自行车轮的演变历史

题型搭配： 填空+判断+选择

参考答案：1-13待补充

 

5.  P2：音乐传播，从CD向数字化转变

14-26参考答案：待补充

 

6. P3 生物钟的研究

题型搭配：单选+填空+判断

参考答案：

选择

　　27. C

　　28. A

　　29. A

　　填空

　　30. Exposure to sunshine

　　31. reaction

　　32. phenomenon

　　33. Rhythms

　　34. devices

　　35. need

　　判断

　　36. YES

　　37. NG

　　38. NO

　　39. NO

　　40. NO

 

类似参考文章：

HOW DOES THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK TICK?

　　A. Our life span is restricted. Everyone accepts this as 'biologically' obvious. 'Nothing lives for ever!' However, in this statement we think of artificially produced, technical objects, products which are subjected to natural wear and tear during use. This leads to the result that at some time or other the object stops working and is unusable ('death' in the biological sense). But are the wear and tear and loss of function of technical objects and the death of living organisms really similar or comparable?

　　B. Our 'dead' products are 'static', closed systems. It is always the basic material which constitutes the object and which, in the natural course of things, is worn down and becomes 'older'. Ageing in this case must occur according to the laws of physical chemistry and of thermodynamics. Although the same law holds for a living organism, the result of this law is not inexorable in the same way. At least as long as a biological system has the ability to renew itself it could actually become older without ageing; an organism is an open, dynamic system through which new material continuously. flows. Destruction of old material and formation of new material are thus in permanent dynamic equilibrium. The material of which the organism is formed changes continuously. Thus our bodies continuously exchange old substance for new, just like a spring which more or less maintains its form and movement, but in which the water molecules are always different.

　　C. Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanisms for repair. It is not, in principle, necessary for a biological system to age and die. Nevertheless, a restricted life span,ageing, and then death are basic characteristics of life. The reason for this is easy to recognise: in nature, the existent organisms either adapt or are regularly replaced by new types. Because of changes in the genetic material (mutations) these have new characteristics and in the course of their individual lives they are tested for optimal or better adaptation to the environmental conditions. Immortality would disturb this system - it needs room for new and better life. This is the basic problem of evolution.

　　D. Every organism has a life span which is highly characteristic. There are striking differences in life span between different species, but within one species the parameter is relatively constant. For example, the average duration of human life has hardly changed in thousands of years. Although more and more people attain an advanced age as a result of developments in medical care and better nutrition, the characteristic upper limit for most remains 80 years. A further argument against the simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the time within which organisms age lies between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and several thousand years, as with mammoth trees.

　　E. If a life span is a genetically determined biological characteristic, it is logically necessary to propose the existence of an internal clock, which in some way measures and controls the ageing process and which finally determines death as the last step in a fixed programme. Like the life span, the metabolic rate has for different organisms a fixed mathematical relationship to the body mass. In comparison to the life span this relationship is 'inverted': the larger the organism the lower its metabolic rate. Again this relationship is valid not only for birds, but also, similarly on average within the systematic unit, for all other organisms (plants, animals, unicellular organisms). "

　　F. Animals which behave 'frugally' with energy become particularly old, for example, crocodiles and tortoises. Parrots and birds of prey are often held chained up. Thus they are not able to 'experience life' and so they attain a high life span in captivity. Animals which save energy by hibernation or lethargy (e.g. bats or hedgehogs) live much longer than those which are always active. The metabolic rate of mice can be reduced by a very low consumption of food (hunger diet). They then may live twice as long as their well fed comrades. Women become distinctly (about 10 per cent) older than men. If you examine the metabolic rates of the two sexes you establish that the higher male metabolic rate roughly accounts for the lower male life span. That means that they live life 'energetically' - more intensively, but not for as long.

 

　　G. It follows from the above that sparing use of energy reserves should tend to extend life. Extreme high performance sports may lead to optimal cardiovascular performance, but they quite certainly do not prolong life. Relaxation lowers metabolic rate, as does adequate sleep and in general an equable and balanced personality. Each of us can develop his or her own 'energy saving programme' with a little self-observation, critical self-control and, above all, logical consistency. Experience will show that to live in this way not only increases the life span but is also very healthy. This final aspect should not be forgotten.

 

 考试预测 

 

1. 本次考试难度适中，题型组合也属于常规类。其中Passage3大部分考生普遍反应文章篇幅较长，定位会有些难度，但题目并不难。Passage1中出现了常规的判断+填空+选择的组合形式，可参考剑8TEST3 Passage1。选择题同时也出现在了第三篇文章中。单选题近期出题频率相对稳定，且常以成组的形式出现，该类题型难度较大，课下需要专门抽时间熟悉做题思路，归纳总结规律。段落细节配对依旧是配对题中的重点，该类题型对同义转换的考查难度较高，平时应多注意积累高难度的同义转换，如归纳总结式同义转换，解释说明型同义转换等。同时要注意训练扫读和跳读的能力，防止出现篇幅较常的文章。

2. 下场考试的话题可能有关科技类，心理类和社科类等。

       3.重点浏览12-16年机经。

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