1. abruptly = suddenly 突然地

2. accelerated = speeded up 加速

3. accessible = available 可得到的

4. accordingly = correspondingly 相应地

5. accounts for = explains 解释

6. accustomed to = used to 习惯于

7. adhesive = sticky粘的

8. admirably = very well 极好地

9. advocate = support 拥护支持

10. afforded = provided 提供（的）

11. aggregate = collection 合集

12. allowing = making possible使可能

13. altered = transformed 改变

14. anchored = held in place 用锚系住

15. anticipate = predict 预期

16. apparently affects = seem to affect 似乎影响了...

17. appropriate=suitable 恰当的

18. artificial = human-made人造的

19. assertion = claim 认为、声称

20. assess = evaluate 评估，评价

21. assume = take on 承担

22. attest = confirm = prove = verify 验证，证实

23. autonomous = independent 独立自主的

24. baffled = puzzled 使困惑

25. barring = excluding 把……除外

26. bizarre = strange 奇怪的

27. breakthrough = development 突破、发展

28. burdensome = difficult 繁重的

29. ceased = stopped 停止

30. cited = mentioned 引用

31. classic = specified = typical 典型的

32. cluster = group 群

33. collapsed = fell inward 崩溃，瓦解

34. collated = assembled 整合

35. compelled = required 强迫的

36. conceal = hide 隐藏

37. concentrated = gathered 集中

38. concentrations = dense groupings聚集物

39. confirming = proving = asserting 确认，证明

40. consensus = widespread agreement 共识

41. consistent = the same 一致的

42. constituents = components 成分

43. contemplated = thought 计划，深思

44. continuously = constantly 连续不断地

45. conventional = traditional 传统的

46. converge on = meet at交汇

47. copious = abundant 丰富的、大量的

48. corresponds to = matches匹配

49. counter = combat 对抗、敌对

50. counterpart = equivalent 对应物

51. courteous = polite 礼貌的

52. critically = dangerously 危急地

53. customarily = commonly习以为常地

54. cycle = pattern of events that repeats itself 循环

55. debate = argue about 争论

56. deciphering = figuring out 辨认

57. decisive = determining 决定性的

58. deliberate = intentional 故意的

59. denser = more crowded 密集的

60. deplete = reduce 使衰竭

61. depositing = putting 放置

62. derived = obtained获得

63. detected =discovered 发现、探明

64. diminished = reduced减少

65. discarded = abandoned 放弃

66. disrupted = disordered 混乱的

67. distinctive = characteristic 独特的

68. dramatic = striking = impressive 引人注目的

69. drastically = extremely 极其地

70. drawbacks = disadvantages缺点

71. durable = long-lasting 持久的

72. duration = length of time持续时间

73. elaborate=complex 复杂的

74. elevated = high 高的

75. embody = incorporate 包含

76. embraced = adopted 接纳

77. era = period时代

78. eradicated = erased = eliminated 消除

79. eventually = finally = over time = in the end 最终

80. evident = clear 明显的

81. exceed = be more than超过

82. exceedingly = extremely极其地

83. excessive =too many 过多的

84. exclusively = only = solely = merely 仅仅

85. expel from = left from 从...中排除

86. exquisitely = perfectly 精巧地，优美地

87. extensive =large 庞大的

88. extracts = removes 提取

89. feat = achievement 壮举，功绩

90. flee=run away 逃跑

91. flexible = bendable 可弯曲的

92. fluctuations=variations变化，波动

93. focused = concentrated 集中的

94. formulated = created 形成

95. foundation = basis基础

96. frigid =cold 寒冷的

97. function = purpose 功能

98. fundamental = basic 基本的

99. furthermore = additionally 此外

100. generally=usually 通常

101. generation = production 产生

102. gradual = slow 逐渐的

103. hastened = hurried 匆忙的

104. hierarchy = system of ranking 等级

105. his imitator = the people who copied him 模仿者

106. hollow = empty 空的

107. ideally=perfectly 理想的、完美的

108. identifiable = recognizable 可辨认的

109. ignored = paid no attention 忽略

110. immense = huge巨大的

111. in response to = as a result of 对…的回应

112. in retrospect = in reconsidering the past 回顾，追溯

113. inadvertently = accidentally 非故意地

114. inconclusive = not decisive 非决定性的

115. incredibly = amazingly 难以置信地

116. indefinitely = without limit = endlessly 不限期地

117. indispensable = essential 不可或缺的

118. inevitable = certain 必然地

119. ingenious = clever 机灵的

120. ingestion = swallowing 吞咽，进食

121. inhibit=slow down抑制，使…放慢

122. initiated = started 开启

123. initiation=action 行动

124. innovation = change 创新

125. insisting = stating forcefully 坚持认为、坚称

126. inspect = examine 检查

127. install = put in place 安装

128. intermediate = between stages 中级的

129. intermittently = periodically间歇地

130. interpret = understand = appreciation 理解

131. intimately = closely 密切的

132. intricate = complicated 复杂的

133. investigate = examine验证

134. irritating = annoying激怒

135. isolated = widely separated隔离的

136. just = fair合理的

137. lasted = endured 持续

138. leftover = remaining 剩余的

139. linger = stroll 徘徊，停留，继续存留

140. lucrative = payable = profitable 有利可图的

141. mandated = required 命令；授权

142. manipulated = skillfully used熟练控制的

143. margins = limit = constrains 边缘，限制

144. marvelous = wonderful 了不起的

145. modest = relatively small 小的

146. modify = change 改变

147. monumental = enormous极其的

148. mortality = death死亡

149. needless to say = obviously毫无疑问

150. negligible = very slight 微不足道的

151. occasionally = sometimes 偶尔

152. on balance=overall 总的来说

153. ongoing = continuing持续

154. overwhelmingly = without doubt不可抵抗地

155. painstakingly = with great effort 费力的

156. particular = specific特别/unusual 特别的

157. peak=high point 顶峰、最高点

158. peculiar to = unique to对...特别

159. permanent = constant 永恒不变的

160. pierced = broke through刺穿

161. pondered = thought about 考虑，沉思

162. portable = movable可携带的

163. posed = presented 出现 展示

164. postulate = propose假定

165. potential = possible 潜在的

166. precious = valued 珍贵的

167. precise = accurate精确的

168. progressively = increasingly 越来越

169. promoted = encouraged 促进

170. proponents = supporters支持者

171. proximity = closeness接近

172. pursue = practice进行

173. quantify = calculate计算，量化

174. recovery = return to normal 恢复，复原

175. refuge = protected庇护

176. reliance = dependence 依赖性

177. replicating = copying复制

178. revered = greatly admired尊敬的

179. segregated = separated 分离

180. sequentially = one after another连续地

181. subsequent = later 随后的

182. subsistence = survival 存留

183. substantial = large大（量）的/ significant 相当的，重大的

184. succeeding = following 跟随，在……之后

185. suffice = be enough充足的

186. supplement = add to补充

187. supposition = imagination/assumption想像，假设

188. surge = sudden increase剧增

189. surplus = excess quantity 过量

190. suspected =thought it likely 有嫌疑的

191. swift = fast 快速的/quick快速的

192. temporarily = briefly 暂时的

193. ties =connections 联系

194. transparent = clear 透明的，易懂的

195. ultimately = eventually 最终

 

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