1. A high school has decided that all students must take a class in which they learn a practical skill. School administrators are trying to decide whether to hold a class in cooking, managing personal finances or auto repair. Which do you think the school should require students to take? Why?

解题思路：选择理财课最重要

① 可以提升学生的节约意识（raise the awareness of saving money）。解释：现在很多的高中生都备受家人宠爱(be spoiled)，家长总是试图满足他们的需求(satisfy their needs)。因此这些被宠坏的孩子(pampered kids)甚至不知道该如何省钱。理财可以让他们意识到赚钱和理财并非易事。

② 可以增加孩子在未来获得财富上成功的可能性(increase the odds for students to gain financial success)。有理财能力的人更容易获得大量财富(acquire much wealth)，理财课恰好能帮助学生为获得这种能力打下坚实的基础(lay a solid foundation for having such ability)。

③ 让步段：另外两个选项也有一定的价值(the other two options are also of certain values)。烹饪课可以培养孩子的独立性，帮助他们健康饮食(allow them to eat more healthily)；汽车维修可以锻炼孩子的动手能力(practical ability)。但是这两种课程都有缺点：烹饪课上，孩子会因为用火不当而造成严重的后果(the inappropriate use of fire could cause a severe consequence)；另外，现在汽车的质量都很好，很少需要维修，而且去专业维修站自理也很方便。

2. Which one is the most important for teacher of high school?

-the ability to help students plan for their future;

-the ability to find the students who need the most help and to give that help;

-the ability to encourage students to learn on their own outside of the classroom.

解题思路：选择第二个，the ability to find the students who need the most help and give that help

①　绝大多数高中生很难自己找到自身的问题（The vast majority of high school students have trouble finding out their own problems on study.）。因为他们往往还不够心智成熟(due to immature mentality)，不能够去主动发现自己的学习上的关键问题和需求(key issues and needs)。即便发现了问题（even if the problems can be found out on their own），因为缺乏经验(lack of experience)，也不一定能及时找到方法去解决（timely and effective solutions might not come out easily）。而且高中生往往不好意思去展示自己的薄弱之处(embarrassed to show their weakness)，也就不会主动向老师请教(turn to the teachers for help and advice )。所以，老师能够及时发现需要帮助的学生并给与有效帮助是非常必要的。

②　老师主动给有需要的学生提供帮助能够提高学生的学习兴趣和信心(improve students’ learning interest and confidence)。得到老师热心主动的帮助，学生会觉得备受关怀和鼓舞(With the help of the teacher, the students will feel being concern and encouraged), 尤其对于需要帮助的学生，可以从新燃起学习的希望和热情(renewing their hope and enthusiasm on study, especially for those who need most help)。

③　让步段：诚然，学生对未来需要有一个好的规划，但是对于高中生而言，最直接需要考虑的未来就是高考或者说是大学的选择(what they need to consider first about their future is to perform well in the college entrance exam, which determines their choice of college)。这个目标很明确（a clear goal），并且本质(essence)还是要获得好的学习成绩(achieve good scores)，那么仍然是需要老师给予帮助。独立学习能力也确实是一个重要的品质，但是这个完全可以在大学四年的学习中得到更好更自由的发展，而对于并不足够成熟的高中生(immature high school students)，自己独立学习很容易走弯路(it makes students take a tortuous road to study by themselves)，影响学习效率(decreasing study efficiency)。

3. The school has been funding for students to participate in different types of activities, but this year, since the lack of money, the school will fund one activity, which one do you think is the one the school should fund: sports, arts and volunteering.

解题思路：选择sports

① 投资体育设施(the investment in sports facilities)能够不仅给学生还给教职工（not only students but faculty）提供使用各种设施的便利（easy access to various activities），这对于处于压力下的（under huge pressure）的学生和老师来说是一个非常方便的放松机会。

② 体育馆的修建可以给学生更好的训练环境，如果学生能够参加相关比赛并取得不错的成绩，都是学校的荣誉，同时学校也有机会去承办一些体育活动(hold sports events)，这样对于学校提升自己知名度(increase its popularity)，可以吸引到更多投资或好的学生；

③ 所修建的体育设施可以对外开放，服务附近的居民，因此可以作为另一种谋利方式（can be regarded as a way to make extra profit），更可以缓解学习的经济负担（relieve the school's financial burden）。

4. In times of economic crisis, in which field do you think the government can cut financial support?

1.Art

2.Scientific research

3.Parks and public gardens

解题思路：选择减少Art上的财政支持

① 艺术更多的是使生活丰富多彩（add spice to our lives），（例子可以举音乐，话剧）很难产生直接的巨大的（direct and considerable）的经济效益；然而科学研究（scientific research），可以降低生产成本（lower cost of production），并且提高不同行业的生产力（productivity），从根本上有利于解决经济危机（economic crisis）。 所以减少art方面的财政支持意味着有更多投入到与经济直接相关的项目中；

② 艺术相关的东西并不是人们生活中重要（indispensable）的，因此经济危机时期减少艺术上的投资不会给人们的生活带来直接的不便（inconvenience），换句话说，人们并不会因为少看一场艺术展（art exhibition）或少看一场音乐会（concert）而抱怨不止，但是很可能抱怨因为确山公园没有地方进行休闲活动（complain about the lack of parks and gardens because they could go nowhere to easily access leisure activities）。

③ 艺术相关的领域往往不会需要昂贵的大型的（ultra-expensive and large-scale）的专业设备，所以即使减少相关的投入也不会有导致灾难性的后果（cause catastrophic consequences），相反科学研究往往需要专业昂贵的设备（involve professional equipment which may cost millions of RMBs）, 缺少的话很多重要研究会受到影响，而公园中往往也要各种各样的运动器材（equip with a diversity of sports facilities），所以在经济危机期间减少艺术项目的投入是合理的（it is reasonable to reduce investment in arts during economic recession）。

5. It is as important for older people to study and learn new things as it for young people.

以下给出一个参考思路：

Agree

①　健康好处。Firstly, keep learning is beneficial to the old’s health conditions. The process of learning new things can stimulate the learners’ brain and procrastinate the aging, which is instrumental to the old’s health. 学习新事物有助于刺激老年人的大脑，延缓衰老，促进老年人健康。（举例论证，如老年人参与老年大学，不断学习新事物，精神状态和健康状态都很好）

②　老年人与年轻人的交流改善。Secondly, keeping abreast of the latest things could help narrow the gap between the old and the young(及时了解最新情况有助于缩小老年人和年轻人之间的差距).Complaints are always heard from the old that their children are not willing to communicate with them in light of lack of mutual topics, some even have problems about the communication methods of the young（老年人经常抱怨他们的孩子不愿意和他们交流，因为缺乏共同的话题，有些人甚至对年轻人的交流方式有问题）. In fact, it is those old people that should follow the trend - learning what the young are utilizing and knowing about the latest news (事实上，正是这些老年人应该跟上潮流，了解年轻人在利用什么，了解最新的新闻). 举例论证

③　生活中的便利。Last but not least, learning new things could bring the old convenience and enhancement in their life quality. Science and technologies are infiltrating into all aspects of our life, such as housework, transportation, payment etc., which is an unstoppable trend and the old must adapt themselves into this milieu (科学技术正在渗透到我们生活的方方面面，如家务、交通、支付等，这是一个不可阻挡的趋势，老年人必须适应这个环境). 举例论证

6. Children can benefit from an important way of taking care of pet animals. Do you agree or disagree?

以下给出一个参考思路：

Agree:

①　宠物在家里会给予孩子安全感。（They are always loving and their mere presence at home can help provide a sense of security in children.）举例论证：由于父母工作，不能常常陪伴孩子，宠物可以缓解孩子的焦虑。（Having an ever-present pet can help ease separation anxiety in children when parents aren’t around.）

②　宠物会帮助孩子与别人建立良好的关系。（Kids who are emotionally attached to their pet are better able to build relationships with other people.）举例论证：孩子会愿意和他们的朋友分享玩具，对别人会更有爱心，性格会更加开朗。（Children will be willing to share toys with their friends, and be more loving. They also have the cheerful personality.）

③　宠物会让孩子爱上运动。（Children are in favor of doing exercise.）举例论证：如果家里养了一只宠物狗，孩子会愿意带它们到户外活动，这对孩子和宠物的健康都非常有好处。（Studies have shown that dog owners are far more likely to meet their daily exercise requirements—and exercising every day is great for the animal as well. It will deepen the connection between children, eradicate most behavior problems in dogs, and keep pet fit and healthy.）

7. 一个教授被学生评为最受欢迎教授，另一个教授刚获得研究领域奖项。他们同教一门课，你会选择哪一个教授？

以下给出一个参考思路：

选择后者，刚获得研究领域奖项

①  选择这个教授的课程，可以更高效地获取最前沿的专业知识（acquire the latest knowledge more directly and efficiently）。解释：因为能够获得研究领域的奖项，说明这位教授精通这一领域，有着非常专业的知识 (the professor is adept at this field and equipped with a wider range of knowledge and expertise )。因此，上他的课程我们能在最短的时间内接触到最新的技术和专业知识 (we have greater exposure to the-of-the-art technology and professional knowledge when participating in the class)。举例论证

② 选择这个教授的课程，会对我们未来的求学或者职业生涯有直接的帮助(lay a solid foundation in the post-graduation or future careers)。解释：因为这位教授能够获得研究领域的奖项，说明他在这个领域具有一定的知名度，也会受到同行的认可(gain in popularity and sympathy from his peers in this field )，他的建议和想法非常地有权威性(some suggestions and ideas that are advanced by him tend to be authoritative)。因此，在上课的过程中，我们可以和教授建立起紧密的联系(we can build and cement a closer relationship with him through the process of studying together)，从而可以在我们升学前或是步入职场前，给我们写一些推荐信(so that getting a recommendation letter from him before entering into the job market or applying for a higher degree)，这将能够提升我们在求学和求职时的成功率。举例论证

③  让步：不得不承认，选择受欢迎老师的课程，会让我们拥有一个轻松愉快的学习氛围。但是，课堂氛围太过轻松会降低学习效率；此外，受欢迎的老师可能只是性格上比较好，但专业度并不一定是最好的，如果想学习更专业的知识，最好的选择还是去听专业领域获过讲的老师的课。。

8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Competition between friends usually negatively impacts friendships. 

以下给出一个参考思路：

disagree

①　Firstly, there is nothing wrong with healthy competition between friends.朋友间的良性竞争并不是件坏事。一般来说,积极的竞争（positive competition）对人们很多有好处：激励你更努力地工作，积极奋斗（motivating you to work harder and strive for more）。正如孔子所言:“三人行，必有我师焉。”（Friends are more beneficial who are better than you, one way or another）；

②　Furthermore, friends strengthen their bonds through competition. 竞争可以加固友谊。诚然，朋友间会彼此竞争，但也会彼此帮助击败其他竞争对手（friends also help each other to beat other competitors），这样会使友谊更加坚固。可举身边朋友的例子或者是运动员之间互相帮助的例子：跳水运动员等

③　让步段：Trying to be better than your friends at everything might not be so healthy, though.比如：夹杂着愤怒和嫉妒的竞争会使友谊受到重创（a friendship could be severely damaged by competition, invariably mixed with rage and/or jealousy），而有时这些情绪又难以消化（too overwhelming to be swallowed）。若想保住友谊，保持良性竞争就非常重要and避免恶性竞争（unhealthy completion）。The right thing to do, then, is to keep competition positive, if possible at all.

9. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has a large effect on your overall happiness than social life does.

以下给出一个参考思路：

disagree，认为social life影响更大

①　Social life involves more kinds and forms of activities and more aspects of personal life。 解释：工作只是个人生活的一个组成元素，往往最主要目的是为了生存。而social life会涉及到生活的方方面面（every aspect of life），并且有形式多样的活动（various activities，banquets, parties, clubs, trips, games等等）。

②　Social life中我们可以更放松。解释：工作中需要follow so many strict rules and regulations, 而social life可以自由表达自己的个性（personality），更容易让我们开心。

③　Social life可以让我们得到真正的情感（real relationships），比如友情、爱情。解释：工作中我们面对的只是同事和客户（colleagues and clients），who mainly have interest relation with each other。而在social life中，各类活动能够帮助对别人有更深入的接触和了解，找到志同道合的朋友（friends in the same camp/ like-minded friends），甚至是灵魂的伴侣(soul mate)。

10. At some universities, students take part in making decisions about the issues that affect daily life of everyone on campus, such as how many hours that the libraries should be open each day or what kinds of food should be served in the cafeteria. But at some universities, experts are hired to make this decisions, students almost never involved. Which approach do you prefer and why.

以下给出一个参考思路：

支持students take part in making decisions about the issues

①　学生的亲身经历会使得决策更合理。（involving students in the process will perfect the decision.）因为学生是校园日常生活的直接受益者（this policy will benefit them directly.）。举例：学生发现食堂窗口排队过长，于是提出增加食堂窗口来改变这个问题,从而也方便了自己的生活。

②　学生来决策可以提高他们校园生活的满意度。（making decision by themselves can raise their satisfaction associated with school life.）因为他们提出来的方法一定是他们最满意的（satisfied）。举例：由于学生提出增加食堂窗口的这个方法后，大家投票选择（vote）。这样的决定就符合大多数人的期待，所以大家就对这个决策很满意。

③　让步：虽然专家很专业，是经过培训的（professional and trained），懂得一些数据分析的方法去做出科学的决定(how to analyze data to make scientific decisions)。但雇佣这些专家也是需要资金成本的，增加学校开支(expenditure)。何况，学生和教职工们的需求是不断变化的，一次次雇佣专家进行分析决策成本更高。何况专家并不是大学里的重要组成部分，而大学生才是大学的主体，尊重他们的想法和建议，鼓励他们表达自己的想法是对他么的未来有好处的。

11. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to relax by a movie or reading a book than doing physical exercises.

解题思路：选择做运动

① 思想上可以得到放松（people’s mind is set at ease）。解释：运动让我们的注意力从工作转移到呼吸或者肌肉锻炼中(physical exercises unwind us by shifting our concentration from work to breathing or muscle building)，从而让我们放松下来。

② 体育运动可以增强人们对于疲劳的抵抗力(intensify one’s resistance against fatigue)。解释：一个人在运动之后可能会觉得很累(feel exhausted physically)，但是他的心血管系统在运动中可以得到增强(cardiovascular system is enhanced)，血液循环会变得更加有效率(the blood circulation becomes more efficient)，从而提升了人们的身体素质来抵抗压力。

③ 让步段：看电影和看书确实也能让身体得到放松(be at rest)。但是坐着看书和看电影对我们的健康非常不利(be to a large extent detrimental to our physical health)，久坐会削弱我们抵抗疲劳的能力(the state of inactivity will weaken our ability to get rid of stress)，同时过度用眼(the excessive use of eyes)也会伤害视力，从而对缓解压力没有任何好处。

12. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people today are more likely to invest their time and efforts in improving the world than young people were in the past.

解题思路：同意

① 互联网给年轻人带来了改变世界的信息（the Internet furnishes young people with information to improve the world），这些有助于打开他们的思维。解释：有了互联网的发展，让年轻人有机会(young people are given a possibility )去了解世界的需求，并且了解自己能为世界做些什么。

② 教育方式的转变(the transformation of teaching methods)让年轻人更多地思考他们能为这个世界做些什么。解释：老师们不再要求学生只专注于学业(focus on academic performance)，而是尽可能地鼓励他们为这个社会多想、多做。因此，这些年轻人收到了鼓舞，想出好的主意，实践它们，从而改变这个社会(those young people are inspired to think of good ideas and carry out them to change the community)。

③ 让步段：确实，以前的年轻人也都为改变世界做出贡献。但是，在过去，孩子们通常都被要求为更好的成绩而奋斗(be demanded to strive for better grades at school)，这让他们没有机会去想出改变世界的好主意以及去实现这些想法（leaving them no changes to come up with ideas and practice them to improve the world）；另外，由于沟通方式受限(limited ways of communication)，一些活动也很难组织起来。

13. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The high school students are required to study many different subjects at the same time or they should study only three or four subjects at a time.

解题思路：同时学很多不同科目

① 学习过程更有趣，如果只集中于（focus on）三四门课，学习内容会比较单调，学生可能会失去新鲜感 (lose enthusiasm) 而产生厌倦的情绪，从而无法坚持高效学习。

② 扩展知识面 (expand knowledge)，找到自己真正感兴趣的点(things they are strongly zealous in)，确定自己大学的专业(choose the major in university)。

③ 学科之间相互启发, 想法会相互启发，能够使得学生更加创造性地思考和学习（ideas can enlighten each other，which enables students to think and study more creatively）。

14. Do you agree or disagree: Universities should spend more money on facilities (such as libraries, computer labs, and technology in general) than to spend more money on hiring famous teachers.

解题思路：选择同意

① 花钱在设施上和学生成绩提高联系紧密。(There is a convincing connection between the quality of teaching facilities and students’ grades.) 例子用的是实验课。花钱买实验设备就能让枯燥实验课变得有趣。

② 花钱在设施上有助于培养学生创造力。(Teachers will be able to plan and develop intriguing teaching methods if they can take advantage of the best teaching facilities.) 例子用的机器人。花钱买机器人可以鼓舞学生以后设计自己的机器人。

③好的有名气的老师流动性比较大，而设施是不动产，能够保证教学的持久性。

15. Many university students are encouraged to study in those majors, which have an increase of job growth (more needed in the job market) like Science, Technology, Engineering, Math. What are your opinion about to choose those majors instead of what they are interested in? （教育类 利弊分析2016.11.05 ）

解题思路：选择自己感兴趣的

①　Interest can help students achieve greater success in their area. 解释：当一个人的专业是其兴趣与未来职业规划的结合体时(a combination of interest and future career plan)，这无疑会促使一个人去花比别人更多的时间和努力去钻研自己的专业，那么即便这个专业不是one of the hottest major，学生仍有可能在该领域内获得很好的发展。并且这个学生会因为能够自己感兴趣的事情而感到快乐。（对比论证），相反情况，被迫使选择自己不感兴趣的专业，那么学生很可能一味地很纠结苦恼，并且无法完全沉浸在学习中。最终，即便这些学生学则的时hot major，但不能用心学习，不能在该领域去努力钻也，同样时无法得到好的未来发展的，并且不快乐。

②　If students choose their interested majors by heart, the social competition tends to be naturally balanced. 解释：如果每个人都一味的去追逐所谓的热门专业，那么该领域的竞争必然会急剧加大（the competition in this major or area must increase dramatically）。这样发展下去（If so,），即便这是个社会需求量大的专业，也会因为人才过多而变得很难找到工作(even if it is a major in demand, it will become highly difficult for graduates to find job due to the superabundant job seekers)。

③　让步：虽然说choosing a hot major seems guarantee a student a more stable future career development, which can be understood that the student might at least find a job for a living (最起码能找到一份谋生的工作). Nonetheless, 个人兴趣对于未来发展的不可忽视的影响（The unignorable influence of personal interest on future development），以及社会大环境的不断变化都应该被更多的考虑在大学专业的选择中。

 

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