1. abrupt = sudden 突然的

2. accelerated = speeded up 加速

3. accessible = available 可得到的

4. accounted for = explained解释

5. addressed = dealt with 解决，处理

6. admirably = very well 极好地

7. advocate = support 支持

8. altered = modified = changed 改变

9. analogous = similar to 与…相似 = resemble = look like

10. approximating = estimating 估计

11. aptitude = ability 才能

12. ascertaining = determining 确定

13. autonomous = independent 独立自主的

14. based on = centered on 以...为核心

15. bizarre = strange 奇怪的

16. buildup = accumulation/increase 增强，发展

17. ceased = stopped 停止

18. compiled = collected 汇编的

19. conceivable = imaginable 可想象的

20. considerably = significantly = drastically = extremely 非常地

21. constituents = components 成分

22. continuously = constantly 连续不断地

23. convenient = easy to use 便利的

24. converted = changed 变化

25. corroborated 证实，使坚固

26. critical = essential 重要的

27. denser = more crowded 密集的

28. deplete = reduce 使衰竭

29. deterioration = decline 退化

30. diffusion = spread = dispersal = scatter 传播扩散

31. discrete = distinct 离散的，分明的

32. dismiss = reject 拒绝

33. distribution = delivery 分布

34. dramatic = powerful 强大的

35. drawn to = attracted toward 被吸引/驱使

36. durable = （long） lasting 持久的

37. dwellings = homes 居所

38. eminent = distinguished 卓越的

39. emitted = discharged 排放，发射

40. ensured = guaranteed 确保

41. erased = eliminated 消除

42. essential to = necessary for = indispensable to 对...至关重要

43. excessive =too many 过多的

44. exclusively = solely = mere = only 仅仅

45. excrete = release 释放

46. exploit = take advantage of 利用

47. fairly = completely 相当地，完全地

48. feat = achievement 壮举，功绩

49. features = aspects特征

50. fluctuations = variations 波动的

51. founding = establishment 建立

52. fragmentary = incomplete 碎片的，不完整的

53. freestanding = no attached 独立的，非附属的

54. fulfills = achieves 完成

55. function功能 = purpose 目的

56. gigantic = very big  = vast  = immense = huge 巨大的

57. gradual = slow 逐渐的

58. hasty=hurried 匆忙的

59. hence = therefore 因此

60. impressive = remarkable 显赫的

61. inadvertently = accidentally = unintentionally 非故意地

62. inanimate = lifeless 无生命的

63. indisputably = certainly 毋庸置疑地

64. ingenious = clever 机灵的

65. inhibited = restricted 受限的

66. initiated = started 开始

67. interaction = effect （相互）影响

68. inviting = encouraging 招致

69. kept in check = prevented 阻止

70. leftover = remaining 剩余的

71. magnificent = wonderful 壮丽的

72. maintained = claimed 声称，认为

73. matches = agrees with 符合

74. mature = fully developed 成熟的

75. mechanisms = means 机制，原理

76. minute = tiny 细微的

77. more robust = stronger 强壮的

78. negligible = very slight 微不足道的

79. nevertheless = even so 尽管如此

80. obligated = required 有义务的

81. obstruction = barrier 阻碍

82. occasionally=sometimes偶尔地

83. optimal = ideal = = most favorable 最优的，理想的

84. outlying = far from the centre 远离中心的

85. overwhelmingly = without doubt不可抵抗地

86. painstakingly = with great effort 费力的

87. parallel = happen at the same time and rate 平行运行

88. perceive = see 感知

89. permanent = constant 永恒不变的

90. persuasive = convincing 有说服力的

91. pervasive=widespread 普遍的

92. posterity = future generations 后代

93. potential = possible 可能的，潜在的

94. precious = valued 珍贵的

95. predominantly = mainly = in the majority 主要地

96. presumably = most likely = probably 想必是

97. progressively = increasingly 越来越

98. prolonged = extended 延长

99. prosperous = wealthy = flourished = thriving 繁荣富裕的

100. quantify = calculate计算，量化

101. radically = extremely 极端地

102. relatively = comparatively 相对地

103. reliance = dependence 依赖性

104. retained = kept 保持

105. retention = conservation 保留

106. rival = competing 敌对的，竞争的

107. robust = healthy 健康的

108. routinely = regularly 例行公事地

109. sabotage = intentionally damage 故意破坏

110. scarcity of = lacking in = insufficiency in = devoid of 缺乏

111. securing = getting 获得

112. segregate=separate分离

113. seldom=rarely 几乎没有、极少

114. sequences = series 顺序、系列

115. set in motion = start 启动

116. signifying = indicating 表明

117. simultaneous = happening at the same time 同时的

118. sporadic = occasional 偶尔发生的

119. stagnant = unmoving 停滞的

120. stationary = fixed 固定的

121. strain = stress 压力，负担

122. striking = noteworthy显著的

123. subsequent = later = succeeding = following 随后的

124. sufficient = enough 足够的

125. supplement = add to补充

126. surge = sudden increase剧增

127. suspected =thought it likely 有嫌疑的

128. tactic = strategy = ploy 策略

129. tangible = physical 有形的、实质的

130. tolerate = endure 忍受

131. transparent = clear 透明的，易懂的

132. ultimately = eventually 最终地

133. unprecedented = never before seen 空前的，史无前例的

134. unpredictable = uncertain 不可预知的

135. unpromising = unfavorable 不利的

136. unrivaled = unequaled无敌的

137. verging = bordering濒临，接近

138. viable = successful 可行的

139. vigorously = energetically 活跃地

140. vulnerable = defenseless 易受伤害的

 

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